Various alternative technologies have been designed in the food processing context due to the increase of consumers’ demand for high quality foods. Amongst these, the Pulsed Electric Fields and High Voltage Electrical Discharge electrotechnologies are considered a feasible alternative to conventional food processing technologies due to their properties, such as: microorganism inactivation with retention of the foods’ sensory quality, positive effect on enhancing the active compounds extraction, and green extraction. This paper reviews the mechanism of Pulsed Electric Fields and High Voltage Electrical Discharge technologies for microorganism inactivation, while addressing the benefits and drawbacks of these technologies.