Degradation of lignin by microorganisms was primarily hilighted in rot and brown-rot fungi, which are capable of producing certain extracellular lignolytic enzymes. Recently, studies on bacteria have also shown that these organisms likely possess a set of extracellular oxidative enzymes implicated in lignin degradation. Therefore, from a biotechnological point of view, lignolytic bacteria could have several novel applications regarding the valorisation and modification of the lignin biopolymers.